12/16/2023 0 Comments Pinpoint pupil size![]() ![]() It can be due to inducing unopposed parasympathetic stimulation of the pupil with significant α1‐adrenergic receptor blockade. Several atypical antipsychotics caused pupil miosis in overdose patients. 9 It was thoroughly described that opioid drugs cause pupil constriction (miosis). Pupillography is a noninvasive and cost‐effective method to determine autonomic nerve activity, 8 which was developed in 1958. 5 Olanzapine is predominantly metabolized by direct glucuronidation via the UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme family, principally by UGT1A4, 6 CYP1A2 and to a lesser extent by CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Moreover, the pharmacological activity of DARI is similar to ARI. Dehydro‐aripiprazole (DARI), its main active metabolite, accounts for 40% of the parent compound in plasma. 3, 4ĪRI is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Additionally, it has antagonistic activity at dopamine D3 and D4, serotonin 5‐HT3 and 5‐HT6, histamine H1, α1‐adrenergic, and muscarinic M1–5 receptors. 2 OLA has higher antagonistic affinity for 5‐HT2A serotonin receptors than for D2 dopamine receptors. 1 ARI has partial agonistic activity at dopamine D2, D3, D4 and serotonin 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT2C as well as α1‐adrenergic receptors and also exhibits 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT7 receptor antagonism. Aripiprazole (ARI) and olanzapine (OLA) are atypical (second generation) antipsychotics commonly prescribed for patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. ![]()
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